Majenereta a dizilo amapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri: injini ndi alternator

Injini ya Dizilo ndi injini yomwe imawotcha mafuta a dizilo kuti itulutse mphamvu. Ubwino wa injini ya dizilo ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino azachuma. Ntchito ya injini ya dizilo ndi yofanana ndi ya injini ya petulo. Kugwira ntchito kulikonse kumadutsa mikwingwirima inayi: kudya, kupanikizana, ntchito, ndi kutopa. Koma chifukwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za dizilo ndi dizilo, kukhuthala kwake ndikwambiri kuposa mafuta a petulo, ndipo sikophweka kusuntha, ndipo kuyaka kwake komwe kumayaka kumakhala kotsika kuposa mafuta. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe ndi kuyatsa kwa chisakanizo choyaka ndi chosiyana ndi injini zamafuta. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti kusakaniza mu silinda ya injini ya dizilo kumatenthedwa m'malo moyaka. Pamene injini ya dizilo ikugwira ntchito, mpweya umalowa mu silinda. Mpweya wa silinda ukakanikizidwa mpaka kumapeto, kutentha kumatha kufika madigiri 500-700 Celsius, ndipo kupanikizika kumatha kufika 40-50 atmospheres. Pistoni ikakhala pafupi ndi pakati pakufa, mpope wothamanga kwambiri pa injiniyo umabaya dizilo mu silinda ndi kuthamanga kwambiri. Dizilo imapanga tinthu tating'ono tamafuta, timasakanizidwa ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri komanso wotentha kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kumatha kufika madigiri 1900-2000 Celsius, ndipo kuthamanga kumatha kufika 60-100 atmospheres, zomwe zimapanga mphamvu zambiri.

Injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito, ndipo kukankhira kwa pistoni kumasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yomwe imayendetsa crankshaft kuti izungulire mu ndodo yolumikizira, motero imayendetsa crankshaft kuti izungulire. Injini ya dizilo imayendetsa jenereta kuti igwire ntchito, kutembenuza mphamvu ya dizilo kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.

Alternator imayikidwa coaxially ndi crankshaft ya injini ya dizilo, ndipo rotor ya jenereta imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi kasinthasintha wa injini ya dizilo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya 'electromagnetic induction', jeneretayo imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, yomwe imatha kupanga magetsi kudzera pamagetsi otsekedwa. awiri. Makina asanu ndi limodzi a injini ya dizilo: 1. Njira yothira mafuta; 2. Njira yamafuta; 3. Kuzizira dongosolo; 4. Dongosolo lolowera ndi kutulutsa; 5. Kuwongolera dongosolo; 6. Yambani dongosolo.

[1] Lubrication system anti-friction (kuzungulira kothamanga kwa crankshaft, pakangopanda mafuta, shaft imasungunuka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mphete ya pistoni ndi pistoni zimabwereranso mwachangu mu silinda. Kuthamanga kwa mzere ndikokwera kwambiri monga 17-23m / s, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa kutentha ndi kukoka silinda. ) Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamakina. Ilinso ndi ntchito zoziziritsa, kuyeretsa, kusindikiza, ndi anti-oxidation ndi dzimbiri.

Kukonza dongosolo mafuta? Yang'anani mulingo wamafuta sabata iliyonse kuti musunge mafuta oyenera; mutayamba injini, fufuzani ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli bwino. ? Yang'anani mulingo wamafuta chaka chilichonse kuti musunge mafuta oyenera; fufuzani ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli bwino mutatha injini; tengani chitsanzo cha mafutawo ndikusintha sefa yamafuta ndi mafuta. ? Yang'anani mlingo wa mafuta tsiku lililonse. ? Tengani zitsanzo zamafuta maola 250 aliwonse, kenaka m'malo mwa mafuta amafuta ndi mafuta. ? Tsukani mpweya wa crankcase maola 250 aliwonse. ? Yang'anani mulingo wamafuta a injini mu crankcase ndikusunga mulingo wamafuta pakati pa "kuphatikiza" ndi "zodzaza" pa "injini yoyimitsa" mbali ya choyikapo mafuta. ? Yang'anani zigawo zotsatirazi za kutayikira: chisindikizo cha crankshaft, crankcase, fyuluta yamafuta, pulagi yodutsa mafuta, sensa ndi chivundikiro cha valve.

[2] Dongosolo lamafuta limamaliza kusungirako, kusefera ndi kutumiza mafuta. Chida chopangira mafuta: thanki ya dizilo, mpope wamafuta, fyuluta ya dizilo, jekeseni wamafuta, etc.

Kukonza dongosolo lamafuta Onetsetsani ngati mfundo za mzere wamafuta ndi zotayirira kapena zikutha. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka mafuta ku injini. Dzazani thanki yamafuta ndi mafuta milungu iwiri iliyonse; fufuzani ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli bwino mutangoyamba injini. Yang'anani ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli bwino mutatha kuyambitsa injini; mudzaze thanki yamafuta ndi mafuta injini ikasiya kugwira ntchito. Kukhetsa madzi ndi zinyalala mu thanki yamafuta maola 250 aliwonse Bwezerani m'malo mwa sefa yabwino ya dizilo maora 250 aliwonse.

[3] Dongosolo lozizira Jenereta ya dizilo imapanga kutentha kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa dizilo ndi kukangana kwa magawo osuntha panthawi yogwira ntchito. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti magawo otentha a injini ya dizilo ndi chipolopolo cha supercharger sichikhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta amtundu uliwonse akugwira ntchito, Ayenera kukhazikika pamoto wotentha. Jenereta ya dizilo ikakhala yosakhazikika bwino komanso kutentha kwa zigawozo kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, kumayambitsa kulephera kwina. Zigawo za jenereta ya dizilo siziyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo kutentha kwa zigawozo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuti zibweretse zotsatira zoipa.

Kukonza dongosolo lozizira? Yang'anani mulingo wozizirira tsiku lililonse, onjezani zoziziritsa kukhosi pakafunika? Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri inhibitor muzoziziritsa maola 250 aliwonse, onjezani zoletsa dzimbiri pakafunika? Yeretsani makina onse ozizirira maola 3000 aliwonse ndikusintha ndi choziziritsira chatsopano ? Yang'anani mulingo wozizirira mlungu uliwonse kuti muzizizirira bwino. ? Onani ngati mapaipi akutha chaka chilichonse, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa anti- dzimbiri mu choziziritsira, ndipo onjezani anti- dzimbiri ngati kuli kofunikira. ? Chotsani zoziziritsa kukhosi zaka zitatu zilizonse, yeretsani ndikutsuka makina ozizirira; sinthani chowongolera kutentha; sinthani payipi ya rabara; mudzazenso makina ozizira ndi ozizira.

[4] Dongosolo lolowera ndi kutulutsa mpweya Njira yolowera ndi kutulutsa kwa injini ya dizilo imaphatikizapo mapaipi olowera ndi kutulutsa, zosefera mpweya, mitu ya silinda, ndi njira zolowera ndi zotulutsa mu cylinder block. Kukonzekera kwa kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya Yang'anani chizindikiro cha fyuluta ya mpweya mlungu uliwonse, ndikusintha fyuluta ya mpweya pamene gawo la chizindikiro chofiira likuwonekera. Bwezerani fyuluta ya mpweya chaka chilichonse; fufuzani / sinthani chilolezo cha valve. Yang'anani chizindikiro cha fyuluta ya mpweya tsiku lililonse. Yeretsani / sinthani fyuluta ya mpweya maola 250 aliwonse. Pamene jenereta yatsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 250 kwa nthawi yoyamba, imayenera kuyang'ana / kusintha chilolezo cha valve.

[5] Kuwongolera jekeseni wamafuta, kuwongolera liwiro, kuwongolera, kuwongolera, kuwongolera, kuwongolera, kuwongolera koyambira.

Kudzizindikiritsa nokha ndi chitetezo cholephera, Kuwongolera kophatikizika kwa injini ya dizilo ndi kufalikira kwadzidzidzi, Kuwongolera jekeseni wamafuta: Kuwongolera jekeseni wamafuta kumaphatikizapo: kuwongolera mafuta (jakisoni), kuwongolera nthawi yamafuta (jakisoni), kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta (jakisoni) ndi Kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamafuta, etc.

Kuwongolera liwiro lopanda ntchito: Kuwongolera mwachangu kwa injini ya dizilo kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa idling komanso kufanana kwa silinda iliyonse panthawi idling.

Kuwongolera pakudya: Kuwongolera kwa injini ya dizilo kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera kwamphamvu, kuwongolera kosinthasintha kwa mavavu ndi kuwongolera nthawi ya valve.

Supercharging control: The supercharging control ya injini ya dizilo imayang'aniridwa makamaka ndi ECU molingana ndi liwiro la injini ya dizilo, chizindikiro cha katundu, chizindikiro chowonjezera, ndi zina zambiri, poyang'anira kutsegula kwa valve ya wastegate kapena ngodya ya jekeseni wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. jekeseni, ndi turbocharger turbine turbine utsi wolowetsa mpweya Miyezo monga kukula kwa gawo mtanda akhoza kuzindikira kulamulira dziko ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa kupsyinjika kwa mpweya turbocharger utsi, kuti kusintha makhalidwe makokedwe a injini dizilo, kusintha mathamangitsidwe ntchito, ndi kuchepetsa mpweya ndi phokoso.

Kuwongolera mpweya: Kuwongolera kwa injini za dizilo makamaka ndiko kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (EGR). ECU imayang'anira kutsegulidwa kwa valve ya EGR molingana ndi pulogalamu yokumbukira molingana ndi liwiro la injini ya dizilo ndi chizindikiro cha katundu kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa EGR.

Kuyang'anira koyambira: Kuwongolera koyambira kwa injini ya dizilo kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera kwamafuta (jakisoni), kuwongolera nthawi yamafuta (jakisoni), ndikuwongolera nthawi ya chipangizocho. Mwa iwo, kuwongolera kwamafuta (jakisoni) ndikuwongolera nthawi yamafuta (jekeseni) zimagwirizana ndi njira zina. Zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi.

Kudzizindikiritsa nokha ndi chitetezo cholephera: Dongosolo lamagetsi la dizilo lilinso ndi magawo awiri: kudzizindikiritsa ndi kuteteza kulephera. Dongosolo lamagetsi a dizilo likalephera, njira yodziwonera yokha idzawunikira "chizindikiro cholakwa" pagulu la zida kuti akumbutse dalaivala kuti amvetsere, ndikusunga cholakwikacho. Pakukonza, nambala yolakwika ndi zidziwitso zina zitha kubwezedwa kudzera munjira zina zogwirira ntchito; nthawi yomweyo; Dongosolo lolephera-otetezeka limayambitsa pulogalamu yotetezedwa yofananira, kuti mafuta a dizilo apitilize kuthamanga kapena kukakamizidwa kuyimitsa.

Integrated kulamulira injini dizilo ndi kufala basi: Pa magalimoto dizilo okonzeka ndi magetsi ankalamulira kufala, injini dizilo ulamuliro ECU ndi automatic transmission control ECU ndi Integrated kuzindikira kulamulira lonse la injini dizilo ndi kufala basi kupititsa patsogolo kufala kwa galimoto. .

[6] Njira yothandizira poyambira ndi ntchito ya zida za injini ya dizilo zimawononga mphamvu. Kuti injini isinthe kuchoka pa malo osasunthika kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito, crankshaft ya injini iyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi mphamvu yakunja kuti pisitoni ibwerenso, ndipo kusakaniza koyaka mu silinda kumatenthedwa. Kukulitsa kumagwira ntchito ndikukankhira pisitoni pansi kuti izungulire crankshaft. Injini imatha kudziyendetsa yokha, ndipo kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumatha kuchitika zokha. Chifukwa chake, njira yonseyo kuyambira pomwe crankshaft imayamba kuzunguliridwa ndi mphamvu yakunja mpaka injini itayamba kugwira ntchito imatchedwa chiyambi cha injini. Yang'anani musanayambe jenereta · Fuel Fuel Onani ngati mfundo za mzere wa mafuta ndi zotayirira komanso ngati pali kutayikira. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka mafuta ku injini. Ndipo imaposa 2/3 ya sikelo yonse. Dongosolo lopaka mafuta (onani mafuta) limayang'ana kuchuluka kwamafuta mu crankcase ya injini, ndikusunga mulingo wamafuta pa "ADD" ndi "FULL" ya "injini yoyimitsa" pachoyikapo mafuta. Chongani pakati. ·Kuwunika kwamadzi a Antifreeze .Kuwunika kwamagetsi a batri Batire ilibe kutayikira ndipo mphamvu ya batri ndi 25-28V. Kusintha kwa jenereta kwatsekedwa.